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Infectious Disease: Gastroenteritis

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Prevalence, Characteristics and Clonal Distribution of Extended-Spectrum β-Lactamase- and AmpC β-Lactamase-Producing Escherichia coli Following the Swine Production Stages, and Potential Risks to Humans
In conclusion, ESBL/AmpC-EC was distributed throughout the swine production stages, with the highest prevalence in the weaning stage. The CTX-M was present in all stages, while CMY was mostly found in growing-finishing stages. The swine ESBL/AmpC-EC was identified to harbor shared clone types with human ESBL/AmpC-EC and a virulent profile posing potential risk to humans. Considering the possibility of genetic and clonal distribution of ESBL/AmpC-EC among swine production stages, this study suggests the need for strategies considering the production system to control the prevalence of ESBL/AmpC-EC in swine farms.
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - July 21, 2021 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Prevalence, Characteristics, and Clonal Distribution of Escherichia coli Carrying Mobilized Colistin Resistance Gene mcr-1.1 in Swine Farms and Their Differences According to Swine Production Stages
Global spread of Escherichia coli strains carrying the mobilized colistin resistance gene mcr-1.1 (MCR1-EC) poses serious threats to public health. Colistin has been generally prescribed for swine colibacillosis, having made swine farms as major reservoirs of MCR1-EC. The present study aimed to understand characteristic differences of MCR1-EC, including prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and virulence, according to swine production stages. In addition, genetic relatedness was evaluated between MCR1-EC isolated from this study as well as pig-, human-, and chicken-derived strains published in the National Center for Biote...
Source: Frontiers in Microbiology - May 6, 2022 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

Prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis E virus in swine livers collected at an abattoir.
Abstract We investigated the prevalence of Campylobacter spp., Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, and hepatitis E virus (HEV) in swine liver. We collected swine livers from 110 pigs at an abattoir from September 2010 to March 2011. Pathogens were detected in the liver samples of 19 (17.3%) pigs. Campylobacter spp. were isolated from the liver samples of 14 (12.7%) pigs. In 10 of the 14 Campylobacter-positive pigs, bacteria were present in the internal regions of the liver. Salmonella spp. and L. monocytogenes were detected in the liver samples of 5 (4.5%) pigs and 1 (1%) pig, respectively. No HEV was detecte...
Source: Japanese Journal of Infectious Diseases - May 25, 2013 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Sasaki Y, Haruna M, Murakami M, Hayashida M, Ito K, Noda M, Yamada Y Tags: Jpn J Infect Dis Source Type: research

Emergence of a Multidrug-Resistant Shiga Toxin-Producing Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Lineage in Diseased Swine in Japan Clinical Veterinary Microbiology
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) and Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC) are important causes of diarrhea and edema disease in swine. The majority of swine-pathogenic E. coli strains belong to a limited range of O serogroups, including O8, O138, O139, O141, O147, O149, and O157, which are the most frequently reported strains worldwide. However, the circumstances of ETEC and STEC infections in Japan remain unknown; there have been few reports on the prevalence or characterization of swine-pathogenic E. coli. In the present study, we determined the O serogroups of 967 E. coli isolates collected between 1991 and 2014 ...
Source: Journal of Clinical Microbiology - March 24, 2016 Category: Microbiology Authors: Kusumoto, M., Hikoda, Y., Fujii, Y., Murata, M., Miyoshi, H., Ogura, Y., Gotoh, Y., Iwata, T., Hayashi, T., Akiba, M. Tags: Clinical Veterinary Microbiology Source Type: research

HA1-2-fljB Vaccine Induces Immune Responses against Pandemic Swine-Origin H1N1 Influenza Virus in Mice
In 2009, a novel pandemic swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) virus caused a public emergency of international concern. Vaccination is the primary strategy for the control of influenza epidemics. However, the poor immunopotency of many vaccine antigens is a major barrier to the development of effective vaccines against influenza. Flagellin, a Toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) ligand, has been used as an adjuvant to enhance the immunopotency of vaccines in preclinical studies. Here, we developed a recombinant candidate vaccine, HA1-2-fljB, in which the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen (residues 62-284) from H1N1 virus ...
Source: Journal of Molecular Microbiology and Biotechnology - October 7, 2016 Category: Microbiology Source Type: research

The use of ErpY-like recombinant protein from Leptospira interrogans in the development of an immunodiagnostic test for swine leptospirosis.
Abstract Swine leptospirosis poses a major problem in the agricultural sector. The gold standard for serodiagnosis of leptospirosis is Microscopic Agglutination Test (MAT). However, the limitations of this technique make the search for alternative diagnostic methods inevitable. In the present study, ErpY-like recombinant protein (rErpY-like), produced in Escherichia coli and used as antigen in indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), was evaluated for its efficacy as a novel diagnostic tool for swine leptospirosis. For the study, 72 samples of swine sera characterized by microscopic agglutination test (...
Source: Acta Tropica - February 15, 2019 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Padilha BCR, Simão HQ, Oliveira TL, Hartwig DD Tags: Acta Trop Source Type: research

Search for Campylobacter reveals high prevalence and pronounced genetic diversity of Arcobacter butzleri in floodwater samples associated with Hurricane Florence, North Carolina, USA.
In this study, floodwater samples (n=96) were collected as promptly post-hurricane as possible and for up to approx. 30 days, and selectively enriched for Campylobacter using Bolton broth enrichment and isolation on mCCDA microaerobically at 42°C. Only one sample yielded Campylobacter, which was found to be Campylobacter jejuni with the novel genotype ST-2866. However, the methods employed to isolate Campylobacter readily yielded Arcobacter from 73.5% of the floodwater samples. The Arcobacter isolates failed to grow on Mueller-Hinton agar at 25, 30, 37 or 42°C microaerobically or aerobically, but could be readily subcult...
Source: Applied and Environmental Microbiology - August 6, 2020 Category: Microbiology Authors: Niedermeyer JA, Miller WG, Yee E, Harris A, Emanuel R, Jass T, Nelson N, Kathariou S Tags: Appl Environ Microbiol Source Type: research

Removal of microorganisms and antibiotic resistance genes from swine wastewater: a comparison between polyaluminum chloride (PAC), polyaluminum sulfate (LST), and aluminum hydroxide iron (LT)
J Environ Sci Health B. 2022 Apr 5:1-8. doi: 10.1080/03601234.2022.2058844. Online ahead of print.ABSTRACTThe presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) and antibiotic-resistance genes (ARGs) in swine wastewater may present a threat to the environment and public health. Conventional swine wastewater treatment processes generally fail to effectively reduce the content of ARGs. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a highly efficient and low-cost treatment method to solve this environmental problem. In doing so, we evaluated the application of three common coagulants in the treatment of swine wastewater. Using metagenom...
Source: Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part. B, Pesticides, Food Contaminants, and Agricultural Wastes - April 5, 2022 Category: Environmental Health Authors: Yue Jian Yuecheng He Jiaming Zhu Dingbiao Long Qiong Tan Wenlai Xu Shihua Pu Source Type: research

Diarrheagenic Escherichia coli pathotypes isolated from a swine farm in a region of Morelos state, Mexico
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, four different E. coli pathotypes were found among swine colonized by E. coli in this farm. Thus, these swine are reservoirs for these virulent bacteria and there is potential risk of causing diarrhea in swine and in the population consuming the meat.PMID:33984213 | DOI:10.21149/11268
Source: Salud Publica de Mexico - May 13, 2021 Category: Epidemiology Authors: Elsa Mar ía Tamayo-Legorreta Alejandro Garc ía-Radilla Eduardo Moreno-V ázquez Fabi án Téllez-Figueroa Celia M Alpuche-Aranda Source Type: research

A Review of the Current Status of Relevant Zoonotic Pathogens in Wild Swine (Sus scrofa) Populations: Changes Modulating the Risk of Transmission to Humans
Summary Many wild swine populations in different parts of the World have experienced an unprecedented demographic explosion that may result in increased exposure of humans to wild swine zoonotic pathogens. Interactions between humans and wild swine leading to pathogen transmission could come from different ways, being hunters and game professionals the most exposed to acquiring infections from wild swine. However, increasing human settlements in semi‐natural areas, outdoor activities, socio‐economic changes and food habits may increase the rate of exposure to wild swine zoonotic pathogens and to potentially emerging pa...
Source: Transboundary and Emerging Diseases - May 8, 2015 Category: Veterinary Research Authors: F. Ruiz‐Fons Tags: Review Article Source Type: research

Stage of Gestation at Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus Infection of Pregnant Swine Impacts Maternal Immunity and Lactogenic Immune Protection of Neonatal Suckling Piglets
In this study, we infected pregnant first parity gilts in their first, second and third trimesters of gestation with PEDV to determine the impact of stage of gestation on generation of maternal B-cell immunity, the gut-MG-sIgA axis and lactogenic immune protection in PEDV challenged piglets. Our goal was to identify innate and adaptive immune factors during pregnancy that influence lymphocyte trafficking, in addition to immune correlates of lactogenic immune protection in neonatal suckling piglets. Understanding the impact of stage of gestation at PEDV infection or exposure on maternal immunity will allow more precise mate...
Source: Frontiers in Immunology - April 23, 2019 Category: Allergy & Immunology Source Type: research

Development and evaluation of multi-epitope protein p72 (MeP72) for the serodiagnosis of African swine fever
Acta Virol. 2021;65(3):273-278. doi: 10.4149/av_2021_304.ABSTRACTAfrican swine fever (ASF) is an acute and severe infectious disease that seriously endangers the global porcine industry. In order to develop ASF serodiagnostic reagents with high specificity and sensitivity, in the present study, the antigenic epitopes of P72 protein of African swine fever virus (ASFV) were analyzed, and the ASFV multi-epitope fusion gene MeP72 in tandem with the dominant linear epitopes was constructed. The recombinant multi-epitope fusion MeP72 (reMeP72) was prepared in Escherichia coli. A colloidal gold-based immunochromatographic assay (...
Source: Acta Virologica - September 27, 2021 Category: Infectious Diseases Authors: Xingxing Zhang Jing Guo Lixia Wang Zhiyuan Li Yucheng Liu Lulu Tian Chencheng Xiao Yanfang Li Xuepeng Cai Qingling Meng Jun Qiao Source Type: research